CIRAM performs metallographic analysis of your art objects and archaeological artifacts in order to authenticate their materials, detect alterations, and trace their history.
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Metallographic analysisis based on a microscopic study of ancient metals and alloys. It allows for the observation of their internal structure, determination of their chemical composition, and identification of manufacturing processes as well as any alterations (corrosion, patina).
At CIRAM, this method is mainly applied to the authentication of art objects and the analysis of archaeological artifacts. It is particularly useful for:
The analyses are carried out using state-of-the-art instruments: SEM-EDX (Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive Spectrometry) and ICP-MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry).
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Although this method is more frequently used for ceramic objects, the thermoluminescence (TL) test also applies to certain metal objects, particularly those with a cavity or closed shape, in which a residual cast core remains.
This core, often made of silicate material, retains properties allowing for thermoluminescence dating. Coupled with metallographic analysis, the TL test provides precise chronological data that strengthens the assessment of the artwork's authenticity.
At CIRAM, this cross-approach is used to consolidate the results of corrosion and alloy composition analysis. This makes it a valuable tool in complex cases.
Request a quoteFor these alloys, the analysis relies mainly on SEM-EDX, used alone in the majority of cases. This technique allows:
Corrosion, or "patina", is an invaluable time marker for a product. Artificial patina can betray an attempt at falsification.
Iron is distinguished by its rapid corrosion, which makes the study of the patina irrelevant for dating. CIRAM favors here an analysis of internal inclusions and impurities using SEM-EDX, in order to:
This technological approach makes it possible to provide objective results, even on objects with severe surface deterioration.
Gold, which is very resistant to corrosion, requires very fine chemical analysis. CIRAM primarily uses ICP-MS here, a reference quantitative method for the analysis of trace elements (< 0.1%), including lead, bismuth, tin, or platinum.
This technique enables :
Gold analysis follows three stages:
Calling on a laboratory like CIRAM means benefiting from high-precision analyses, carried out according to rigorous and scientifically validated protocols. With over 20 years of expertise, CIRAMis recognized by numerous museum, archaeological, and heritage institutions for:
CIRAM operates in France and internationally on authentication, characterization, and conservation projects, and is committed to providing reliable results, interpreted within their historical, scientific, and artistic context.
Contact our teamsStatues, jewelry, coins, decorative objects... any metal artifact can be metallographically characterized.
It begins with a micro-sampling. After preparation, analyses are carried out at different scales to obtain data on composition, corrosion and any alterations.
Yes, alloy and corrosion analysis can differentiate between modern and old manufacture, and detect any falsifications.
Yes, natural patina reveals slow, ancient corrosion. Artificial patina, on the other hand, can betray an attempt at fraudulent ageing.
Rates depend on the nature of the object, the analysis techniques required and the complexity of the study. Please do not hesitate to contact us for a quote.
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